Package:
8000 Distribution System Training Series Package
Duration: 78 hrs Price: $2535.00
Courses-all 2 hrs & $65 each
8001 - AC Voltage Generation
8002 - Power Factor
8003 - Impedance and Voltage Drop
8004 - Three Phase Power Systems
8005 - System Layout
8024 - Personnel Safety
8006 Overhead Lines
8007 Underground Distribution Systems
8008 Substations
8009 Distributed Generation
8010 Substation Transformers
8011 Distribution Transformers
8012 Fault-Interrupting Devices
8013 Non-Fault Interrupting Devices
8014 Voltage-Control Devices
8015 Fundamentals of Protection
8016 Overcurrent Protection
8017 Differential Protection
8018 Coordination of Protection Devices
8019 Overvoltage Protection
8020 Communication Techniques
8021 SCADA Systems
8022 Distribution Automation
8023 Programmable Logic Controllers
8024 Personnel Safety
8025 Insulation Testing
8026 Rotating Equipment Maintenance
8027 Transformer Maintenance
8028 Switchgear Maintenance
8029 Line Maintenance
8030 Maintenance Management
8031 Load Characteristics and Utilization
8032 Demand Management
8033 Metering
8034 Utility Rate Structure
8035 The Effects of Deregulation and Competition
8036 Power Quality
8037 Function of the Operator
8038 Abnormal Operating Conditions
8039 Dealing with Service Interruption
NERC Continuing Ed
This series will cover various aspects of distribution system technology. Topics include distribution networks and equipment, system protection, control and automation, equipment testing and maintenance, and the distribution system operator's role. It is presented on the technical level and a knowledge of basic electrical theory is assumed
Sample Course Descriptions
8001 - AC Voltage Generation
This module, the first in the "Distribution System Training" series, initiates the review of electrical fundamentals that provide the basis for detailed study of equipment and systems in subsequent modules. The objective of this module is to develop an understanding of AC power generation, frequency and characteristics of the sine wave. The effect of pure resistance in an AC circuit is also discussed, including the relationship between voltage, resistance, power and energy. On completion of this module and associated workbook, the participant should be able to understand the following concepts, and apply them in day-to-day practice.
• Requirements for power balance, i.e. power supply must equal power demand (including losses)
• Current and power flow through a simple DC circuit
• Calculation of equivalent resistance for parallel circuits
• Calculation of line voltage drop and line power loss
• The use of high voltages to reduce transmission and distribution line losses
• The relationship between power and energy
• The principle of AC power generation using a rotating magnetic field
• Development of the voltage sine wave in relation to the rotor angle
• Physical interpretation of the current sine wave, i.e. current flow changes direction every half cycle
• Relationship between frequency, number of poles and speed of rotation
• Synchronous operation of generators connected in parallel
• The effects of pure resistance in an AC circuit
• Calculation of instantaneous values, and the resultant power curve
• The meaning of RMS values
8002 - Power Factor
Continuing our review of electrical fundamentals, the objective of this module is to demonstrate the effect of inductance, and capacitance in AC circuits, leading to a discussion of power factor and its significance. After completion of this video and associated workbook, the participant should be able to understand and apply the following concepts in day-to-day work activities:
• The significance of inductance and inductive reactance in an AC circuit
• Phase angle between current and voltage
• Vector representation of electrical properties
• Power in an inductive circuit
• Reactive power - VARs (Volt-Amperes Reactive)
• Reactive power demand in an inductive circuit (positive VARs)
• The significance of pure capacitance in an AC circuit
• Production of VARs by a capacitive element
• The power triangle - active power, reactive power, and apparent power
• Vector relationship between MW, MVARs, and MVA
• Definition of power factor
• Significance of low power factor on generator output (i.e. reduced MW capacity)
• Load power factor correction by capacitors
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8013 - Non Fault Interrupting Devices
The objective of this module is to present and discuss features of the different types of non-fault interrupting switches as installed on the distribution system. Reference is made to disconnects which have zero or minimal interrupting capacity and various types of load-break switches which are able to interrupt load current flow up to rated value, but do not have the capacity to interrupt higher level current flow produced by faults. After completion of this module, the participant should be able to understand the following concepts and apply them in day-to-day work practice.
• The difference between fault interrupting capability and non-fault interrupting capability
• The function of disconnects (i.e. to provide isolation)
• Why disconnects are installed adjacent to circuit breakers
• Construction of disconnects (i.e. single-phase or three-phase ganged for local or remote operation)
• The importance of open disconnect switches being visible
• The operational difference between solid blade disconnects and fused disconnects
• Typical installation of disconnects on the primary distribution system
• Possible methods of reducing current flow on distribution feeders before disconnects are opened
• Provision of arcing horns and other types of auxiliary contacts on disconnects, to allow interruption of low magnitude current flow
• Application of non-load-break elbow connectors as disconnects on underground systems
• Typical arrangement of primary open loop feed, using elbow type connectors
• The function of elbow connectors with load break capability
• Other types of load break switches, including air break, SF6, vacuum, and oil for arc extinction
• Function and application of the load break tool which is fitted on the end of the linemen’s hook stick
• The use of arc chutes and auxiliary contacts on air break load interrupters
• The consequences of closing into a fault
• Features of underground load break switches
• Automatic switchover arrangements for primary feed to specific customers
• The installation of sectionalizers on the distribution system
Features of the sectionalizer:
1. Non-fault interrupting capacity
2. Load break capacity only
3. The ability to count the number of re-closer actions upstream
4. The ability to be set to trip while recloser is open
• Operation of the sectionalizer jointly with the recloser
• Advantage of installing a sectionalizer in place of a fused disconnect on feeder branch circuits
• The significance of switching operations on safe operation of the distribution system
• Safety considerations regarding isolation of equipment and circuits for maintenance activities
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